Unbelievable Weather Phenomena

What are they?

* mirage
* moonbow
* a halo
* The belt of Venus
* Noctilucent clouds
* Northern / Southern lights
* coloured moon
* Mammatus clouds
* fire whirls
* Pyroculumus clouds
* sun pillars
* diamond dust
* non-aqueous rain
* Virga
* a fire rainbow
* a green ray
* a ball lightning
* rain bomb
* sprites, jets

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Passive Voice: practise

Task 1: Present Simple Passive ( midagi tehakse)

Task 2: Present Simple Passive 2

Task 3: Past Simple Passive (midagi tehti)

Task 4: Passive Voice (sõnade järjekord)

TAsk 5: Questions in passive (sõnade järjekord)

Task 6: Modal verbs + Passive

Task 7: Game

Task 8: Quiz

Task 9: Passive voice + prepositions

Advanced level

Task 10: Exercise

Active vs Passive

Change the following active sentences into passive
Red - alus
blue - öeldis / verb / tegusõna
green - sihitis
purple - modaalsõna

1) Harry ate three potatoes at dinner. 

2) Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah.  

3) Sue changed the flat tire. 

4) I ran the obstacle course in record time. 

5) The crew paved the entire stretch of highway. 

6) Mom read the novel in one day. 

7) The critic wrote a very positive review. 

8) I will clean the house every Saturday. 

9) From now on the staff will watch a safety video every year. 

10) Tom painted the entire house. 

11) The teacher always answers the students' questions. 

12) The choir really enjoys that piece.

13) Susan should bake two dozen cupcakes for the bake sale. 

14) Thousands of tourists view the Grand Canyon every year. 

15) The team will celebrate their victory tomorrow. (active)

Revision: Irregular Verbs / Tenses

Click: irregular verbs 1

Irregular verbs 2

Irregular verbs 3

1. ja 2. põhivorm - leia sobivad paarid

Present Simple / Present continuous (kas tegevus toimub korduvalt või PRAEGU)

Present Perfect

Past Simple / Past Continuous

Will või am/is/are + going to?

Memrise (Vajuta For Form 7 students, logi oma kasutajaga sisse, vali Group Class 7 Learn Irregular Verbs)

Beaches

1) Where did the hurricane destroy most of the beach in 1926 and in 2017?
2) Which beach is famous for its New Year celebrations?
3)  Which beach is located in Africa?
4) Which beach has colourful lifeguard stands?
5) Which beach was orignally used for growing coconuts?
6) Which beach has hosted beach football competitions?
7) Which beach became a popular place to live for elderly people in the 1960s?
8) Which beach has been a venue for the Olympic Games?
9) Where was the TV show Miami Vice mostly filmed?
10)  As a result of a shipwreck, which beach got lots of fruit?
11) Where can Spanish, English and Portuguese be heard a lot?
12)  Which beach has hosted the biggest concert ever held?
13) Which beach has very big sand dunes?

Phrases: Find and learn

1) ametlik toimumispaik
2) linnaosa
3) rannavõrkpalli toimumispaik
4) rikas linnuriik
5) arvukad
6) kiiresti kasvav kohalik majandus
7) sobiv autoliikluse jaoks
8) peamine meelelahutuspaik
9) kõrge kuritegevus
10) elama vähese piiratud sissetulekuga
11) eriline silmailu
12) väikesed muutused, kohandamised
13) täiesti allakäinud, hooletusse jäetud
14) varemetes tühjad hooned
15) kõige edukamad äripiirkonnad

USA: Influential Figures

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Twain

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist. He wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), the latter often called "the Great American Novel".  Twain grew up in Hannibal, Missouri, which provided the setting for Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. After an apprenticeship with a printer, he worked as a typesetter and contributed articles to the newspaper of his older brother. He later became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River before heading west to Nevada. He's been referred to as the Father of American literature. He had 4 children. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Addams

 Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a pioneer social worker, philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's rights and world peace. She helped address social concerns, such as the needs of children, public health, and world peace. She was sure women had to have the right to vote. In 1889 Addams and her college friend co-founded Hull House in Chicago, Illinois, the first settlement house in the United States. In 1931 she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_Armstrong_restored.jpg

Louis Armstrong (August 4, 1901 – July 6, 1971), nicknamed Satchmo or Pops, was an American jazz trumpeter and singer from New Orleans, Louisiana. Armstrong was born into a very poor family, the grandson of slaves. His father abandoned the family when Louis was an infant. Till 1920s the focus had been on collective improvisation, but he also gained popularity  with his solo performances. He had recognizable gravelly voice and he was also skilled at scat singing (vocalizing using sounds and syllables instead of actual lyrics).

Armstrong was one of the first truly popular African-American entertainers to "cross over", whose skin color was secondary to his music in an America that was severely racially divided. He was married 4 times and in his first  marriage he adopted a mentally disabled 3-year old boy. Armstrong died of a heart attack in his sleep at the age of 69. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Edison2.jpg

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and an electric light bulb. He managed to register 1,093 US patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. More significant than the number of Edison's patents, are the impacts of his inventions, because his inventions established major new industries world-wide. He was the youngest of 7 siblings and was educated at home (except 3 months). At an early age he had scarlet fever which resulted in deafness in later years. He discovered his talents as a businessman when he worked in the streets selling newspapers. At the age of 24 he married a 16-year-old girl who died 13 years later. They had 3 children. His 2nd marriage with 3 more children lasted till his death ( complications of diabetes ).  He was buried behind the house he had bought for his second wife Mina, in Llewelyn Park, New Jersey.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amelia_earhart.jpeg

Amelia Mary Earhart (July 24, 1897 – disappeared July 2, 1937) was an American aviation pioneer and author. She was said to have been a tomboy in her childhood. She and her 2 years younger sister were  home-schooled by her mother and a governess. Earhart was the first female pilot to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many other records, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences. She was also a member of the National Women's Party, and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment. In 1937 she disappeared  over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island.  

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ErnestHemingway.jpg

Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Additional works were published posthumously. 

Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After high school he reported for a few months for The Kansas City Star, before leaving for Italy to work as an ambulance driver in the World War I. In 1918 he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms (1929). In 1921, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives. The couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent. He published his first novel, The Sun Also Rises in 1926.  He worked as a journalist in the Spanish Civil War, after returning he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). 

Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea (1952), Hemingway went on  safari to Africa, where he was almost killed in two successive plane crashes that left him in pain or ill health for much of his remaining lifetime. He committed suicide  in Ketchun, Idaho, in the summer of 1961.

Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962)  was an American actress, model, and singer, who became a major symbol of pop culture. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Studio_publicity_Marilyn_Monroe.jpg

After spending much of her childhood in foster homes, Monroe began a career as a model, which led to a film contract in 1946 with Twentieth Century Fox. Her performances in The Asphalt Jungle and All About Eve (both 1950), drew attention. By 1952 she had her first leading role in Don't Bother to Knock and 1953 brought a lead in Niagara. Her "dumb blonde" persona was used to comic effect in subsequent films such as Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, How to Marry a Millionaire ( both 1953). She went to drama school to broaden her range of roles. Her dramatic performance in Bus Stop (1956) was hailed by critics and garnered a Golden Globe nomination. She received a Golden Globe Award for her performance in Some Like it Hot (1959). The final years of Monroe's life were marked by illness, personal problems, and a reputation for unreliability and being difficult to work with. Her death was a probable suicide from an overdose of anti-depressant drugs. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oprah_Winfrey_at_2011_TCA.jpg

Oprah Gail Winfrey (born January 29, 1954) is an American media figure, talk show host, actress, producer, and philanthropist. Winfrey is best known for her multi-award-winning talk show The Oprah Winfrey Show. Dubbed the "Queen of All Media", she has been ranked the richest African-American of the 20th century,  the greatest black philanthropist in American history,  and is currently North America's only black billionaire.  She is also, according to some assessments, the most influential woman in the world.  In 2013, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama and an honorary doctorate degree from Harvard. Winfrey was born into poverty in rural Mississippi to a teenage single mother and later raised in an inner-city Milwaukee neighborhood. She experienced considerable hardship during her childhood, saying she was raped at age nine and became pregnant at 14; her son died in infancy. Sent to live with the man she calls her father, a barber in Tennessee, Winfrey landed a job in radio while still in high school and began co-anchoring the local evening news at the age of 19. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates

William Henry "Bill" Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, philanthropist, investor, computer programmer, and inventor. Gates is the former chief executive and chairman of Microsoft, the world’s largest personal-computer software company, which he co-founded with  Paul Allen. He is consistently ranked in the Forbes list of the world's wealthiest people. He has also written and co-authored several books. In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic activities, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000. He married Melinda in 1996 and they have 2 daughters and a son. The family resides in an earth-sheltered house ($125 million) in the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Medina.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mark_Zuckerberg.jpg

Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (born May 14, 1984) is an American  computer programmer, Internet entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He is best known as one of five co-founders of the social networking website Facebook. His father was a dentist and mother a psychiatrist. He and his 3 sisters were brought up Dobbs Ferry, a town near New York City. Mark was raised as a Jewish, but later in his life he became an atheist. He was keen on fencing and reciting poems. In 2003 he met a Chinese-Vietnamese  medical student. They got married in 2012 in Zuckerberg's backyard. His personal wealth, as of April 2014, is estimated to be $25.3 billion. He is the 2nd youngest self-made billionaire in the world. Mark Zuckerberg receives a one-dollar-salary as CEO of Facebook. Together with his college roommates and fellow Harvard University students,  Zuckerberg launched Facebook from Harvard's dormitory rooms. Since 2010, Time magazine has named Zuckerberg among the 100 wealthiest and most influential people in the world as a part of its Person of the Year distinction. He is colour-blind ( can't recognize red and green).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barack_Obama.jpg

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current US President and the first African American to hold the office. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School. In 1989 he met his wife Michelle Robinson. They have 2 daughters and a Portuguese Water Dog named Bo. He is keen on basketball (supporter of Chicago White Socks). He is left-handed. He worked as a civil rights attorney and taught law at  university in Chicago from 1992 to 2004. His first decisions as a president were about bringing the USA out of  recession in 2008 (taxes, unemployment, creating jobs, affordable medical insurance etc)  In foreign policy, Obama ended US military involvement in the Iraq War, increased U.S. troop levels in Afghanistan, ordered US military involvement in Libya and ordered the military operation that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden in November 2010. 

Obama was re-elected for the 2nd time in November 2012, defeating Republican nominee Mitt Romney.

USA: Sights

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood

Hollywood is a district in the central region of Los Angeles, California, in the United States.

It is famous for being a home of the entertainment industry, including several of its historic studios. Hollywood is also a highly ethnically diverse, densely populated, economically diverse neighborhood and retail business district. 

Places within Hollywood

* Sunset Boulevard
* Crossroads of the World (America's 1st outdoor shopping mall)
* Dolby Theatre ( Academy Awards)
* Hollywood Forever Cemetery

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Golden_Gate_Bridge_.JPG

* Walk of Fame (since 1958 )
* Wax museum
* Knickerbocker Hotel
* Hollywood sign (built 1923)

 The Golden Gate is the strait that connects San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean.

The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate. It took over 4 years to build it and was opened in April 1937. It costs $4 - $7 for a driver to cross it. The bridge is 2.7km long, 27m wide and has 6 lanes. Over 110,000 vehicles use it daily. It has been declared one of the wonders of the modern world.

http://www.lighthouseinn-ct.com

Alcatraz Island is located in the San Fracisco Bay, 2.4 km offshore from San Fransisco. Often referred to as "The Rock", the small island was first used for a lighthouse, later as a military fortification, a military prison (1868), and a federal prison from 1933 until 1963.  Beginning in November 1969, the island was occupied for more than 19 months by a group of Aboriginal people from San Francisco who were part of a wave of Native activism. In 1972, Alcatraz became a national recreation area and was opened for locals and tourists. 

http://www.vvng.com/disneyland-raises-prices/

Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built in Anaheim, California. It was opened on July 17, 1955. It is the only theme park designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney. 

Walt Disney came up with the concept of Disneyland after visiting various amusement parks with his daughters in the 1930s and 1940s.  Over 650 million guests visited the park between 1955 - 2011 and there are over 65,000 jobs supported by the Disneyland Resort.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_canyon

The Grand Canyon is carved by the Colorado River in the state of Arizona. It is contained within and managed by Grand Canyon National Park, the Hualapai Tribal Nation and the Havasupai tribe.  

The Grand Canyon is 446 km long, up to 29 km wide and attains a depth of over 1,800 meters. Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted. 

For thousands of years, the area has been continuously inhabited by Native Americans who built settlements within the canyon and its many caves. Some tribes have considered it a holy site and made pilgrimages to it.  

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Liberty_7.jpg

The Statue of Liberty is a sculpture on Liberty Island in the middle of New York Harbour, in Manhattan. The statue was a gift to the United States from the people of France. The statue is of a robed female figure representing Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, who bears a torch and a tablet evoking the law upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independende, July 4, 1776. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue is an icon of freedom and of the United States: a welcoming signal to immigrants arriving from abroad. From ground to the torch it is 93 metres. It was opened in 1886, but has been closed for the public on various times because of restoration, weather and safety.

http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com

http://www.boomsbeat.com

Yellowstone National Park is a national park located primarily in the U.S. state of  Wyoming.  It was established in 872 and is the first national park in the world. The area is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially Old Faithful Geyser.Yellowstone National Park spans an area of  8,983 km², comprising lakes, canyons, rivers and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-altitude lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest supervolcano on the continent. Hundreds of species of mammals, birds, fish and reptiles have been documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened. The vast forests and grasslands also include unique species of plants. Grizzly bears, wolves, and free-ranging herds of bison and elk live in the park. Forest fires occur in the park each year; in the large forest fires of 1988, nearly one third of the park was burnt. Yellowstone has numerous recreational opportunities, including hiking, camping, boating, fishing and sightseeing. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_needle

The Space Needle is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, a landmark of the Pacific Northwest, and a symbol of Seattle. It was built  for the 1962 World's Fair, which drew over 2.3 million visitors, when nearly 20,000 people a day used its elevators.

The tower is 184 m high, 42 m wide, and weighs 9,550 tons. It is built to withstand winds of up to 89 m/s  and earthquakes of up to 9.1 magnitude. It has an observation deck at 160 m and a gift shop with the rotating SkyCity restaurant. From the top of the Needle, one can see not only the downtown Seattle skyline but also the Olympic and the Cascade Mountains, Elliot Bay and surrounding islands.Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by elevators that travel at 4.5 m/s. The trip takes 41 seconds, and some tourists wait in hour-long lines. 

http://www.boomsbeat.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas

Las Vegas is the most populous city in the state of Nevada. Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for gambling, shopping, fine dining, and nightlife. The city calls itself as the Entertainment Capital of the World. Las Vegas is the 31-st most populous city in the United States, with a population at the 2010 census of 583,756 ( 1,951,269 in the metropolitan area). Established in 1905, Las Vegas was incorporated as a city in 1911. The city's tolerance for various forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City, and this image has made Las Vegas a popular setting for films and television programs. 

Places within Las Vegas

*Las Vegas Strip
* Las Vegas Boulevard
* National Atomic Testing Museum
* Elvis Museum
* Adventuredome (indoor amusement park)

http://www.boomsbeat.com

Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls located between Canada and the United Stated. They form the southern end of the Niagara Gorge. From largest to smallest, the three waterfalls are the Horseshoe Falls, the American Falls and the Bridal Veil Falls. The Horseshoe Falls lie on the Canadian side and the American Falls on the American side, separated by Goat Island. The smaller Bridal Veil Falls are also located on the American side, separated from the other waterfalls by Luna Island. Located on the Niagara River, which drains Lake Erie into Lake Ontario. The three falls combined form the highest flow rate of any waterfall in the world, with a vertical drop of more than 50 m. Horseshoe Falls is the most powerful waterfall in North America, as measured by vertical height and also by flow rate. While not exceptionally high, the Niagara Falls are very wide. 

The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty and as a valuable source of  hydroelectric power. 

http://www.boomsbeat.com

http://www.allyosemite.com/nature/giant_sequoia_groves.php

Yosemite National Park lies in the central eastern part of  California reaching the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain chain. Most of the over 3.7 million people who visit Yosemite each year spend their time in the 18 km² of Yosemite Valley. Designated a World Heritage Site in 1984, Yosemite is internationally recognized for its spectacular granite cliffs, waterfalls, clear streams, Giant Sequoia groves, and biological diversity.

The Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dean_Franklin.jpg

sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore near Keystone, South Dakota. Sculpted by Danish-American Gutzon Borglum and his son, Mount Rushmore features 18 m sculptures of the heads of four US presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln. The idea was given to sculptors to promote tourism in the region. Construction on the memorial began in 1927, and the presidents' faces were completed between 1934 and 1939. Upon Gutzon Borglum's death in March 1941, his son  took over construction.